In Phase I, firstly, methods proposed in our original Phase I proposal were implemented, producing well-functioning large-area (1m 2) electrochromic windows. Key for building-windows application is transitioning excellent small-area electrochromic function (sunglasses) to larger areas (building windows) this involves use of conductive gridlines, somewhat like those of automobile rear-window defrosters. (ix) ALL above features are readily transferred to building windows. (viii) Manufacturing initiated (2019, northern NJ). (vii) Semi-automated manufacture demonstrated. (vi) Fully automated, photosensor-based control per ambient light manual override available. (v) Unique applied-voltage algorithm on an inexpensive (<$5) Microcontroller, drastically reduces switching time (<2s L→D, ~instantaneous D→L). (iv) High L/D contrast, 1% to 70% and all values in between (Delta >65%). Our technology’s features: (i) Thin (1M L/D (light/dark) cycles shelf life >3 years. Our sister company, AshChromics, is commercially launching electrochromic sunglasses, motorcycle visor inserts, ski goggles, end-2019. Now in ongoing/prior work, we have developed, patented (>15 patents) novel, inexpensive, auto-darkening electrochromics based on unique dual-polymer electrochromic Conducting Polymers. Photochromics, LCD-based electrochromics, other CP-electrochromics are not really applicable to building windows. Due to this, the commercial market for electrochromic windows has been limited to date, with few buildings outfitted. (iii) Poor light/dark (L/D) contrast, typically 22% to 60% (Delta 38%). (ii) OEM, requiring expensive replacement of existing windows more » (vs. by Sage Glass, View, Heliotrope, others): (i) Price $50 to $300/ft 2 (cf. Drawbacks of extant electrochromic window technologies (e.g. If auto-darkening windows were available, energy for cooling could be greatly reduced, resulting in annual US savings of ~$30.1B/year, ~50m tonnes CO 2. Per DOE, “approximately 35% of this $430B/year consumption can be attributed to losses through the building envelope, via heat transfer”. Per DOE, other sources, residential, commercial buildings account for >40% of total US energy demand, >70% total US electricity use, costing >$430 billion/year. This document also addresses areas where DOE invests in software and design tools that translate sophisticated and complex physics into easy-to-use energy performance and optimization methods used by industry and other stakeholders for implementation. This document focuses on R&D for windows and window system technologies and will provide guidance for BTO's investments in developing the next generation of high-performance, affordable, cost competitive windows, as well as integrated daylighting and shading technologies in partnership with industry and researchers. Emerging Technologies funding is distributed competitively through solicitations (e.g., Funding Opportunity Announcements and National Lab Calls, which in general are open to applications from industry, academia, national laboratories, and other entities) and other mechanisms. Department of Energy (DOE) Building Technologies Office's (BTO's) Emerging Technologies program supports R&D for technologies, systems, and software tools that can contribute to reductions in building energy use. In turn, high-performance building envelopes can reduce the substantial CO 2 emissions associated with energy use to satisfy heating, cooling, and lighting needs in buildings. By leveraging desirable external environmental conditions (e.g., fresh air and natural light) and mitigating the influence more » of undesirable conditions (e.g., moisture, hot or cold temperatures, wind), the building envelope can reduce the need for space conditioning and electric light, and thus reduce energy use associated with lighting and heating, cooling, and ventilation equipment. The envelope also allows the exchange of light and air, as well as other transfers with the external environment when it is beneficial for the building occupants. The building envelope consists of transparent and opaque elements that serve as a controllable barrier to help maintain the indoor environment regardless of external conditions. Much of this energy is used to maintain a comfortable indoor environment. = ,Īs of 2021, buildings account for 39.1% of total U.S.
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